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Relative Caregiver Affidavit – A Power of Attorney for Minors

Many families are going on vacation right now.  Some parents with their minor children, but many without.  At least once a year about this time, I have clients or friends reaching out to give someone else a power of attorney for minor children while they are on vacation.

A power of attorney can only be created by a competent adult to give their power to make decisions to someone else.  So, it’s not possible to create a power of attorney for minors.  And guardianships are more permanent arrangements made by the court to give someone the ability to make decisions for another.  However, Missouri does provide for the Relative Caregiver Affidavit under RSMo 431.058.

The Relative Caregiver Affidavit is what most parents are looking for if they are leaving their children temporarily in the care of another.  It allows a relative to make decisions for a minor’s educational services or medical treatment.

So, if you’re going on vacation and leaving your children in the care of another, before you go, take the time to get a Relative Caregiver Affidavit notarized.  You can even find a free one provided by the Missouri Bar online.

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Guardians – A Tough Decision for an Estate Plan

For a long time I delayed executing my own estate plan because I got hung up on one thing, but one very important thing, who would take care of my children if something were to happen to both my husband and I.  For families with minor children choosing guardians can be the most important and hardest decision to make when working on an estate plan.  When thinking about your will, you have to decide who you want to act as personal representative of the estate, who the beneficiaries of the estate will be, and who will be appointed guardian of minor children.  That last part can be the hardest, as it is so hard to imagine anyone replacing your role as mom or dad.  No one can truly replace you, but you can consider many things when making that difficult choice.

When we first started brainstorming guardians and who we wanted to raise our children if something were to happen to us, we thought of those whom we are closest with and also more importantly, whom our children are closest with.  We thought of my parents.  Although our children are also close with my husband’s parents, they live out of town and we don’t see them as often as we would like.  My parents live less than a ten-minute drive from us, so naturally my kids are vey close with them because we are able to spend a lot of time with them.  If something were to happen right now, I would love my parents to be there for the kids.  However, it is important to look further out.  Would my parents be able to care for the kids until they were old enough to be on their own?  With our parents getting older we didn’t know that we could answer yes to that last question.  Losing parents would be hard enough on our kids, and we would want to give them as much stability as possible, so we decided for us, our parents may not be a good long- term option.  With that in mind we were able to cross both sets of grandparents off our list of possible guardians.

Next, we looked at our siblings, our children’s aunts and uncles.  My husband and I each have two siblings, so this gave us four more options to consider.  How can you choose between sides of the family?  We considered everything from mental health, medical health, relationship history, financial responsibility, location, life- style choices, and again relationship between them and our children.  We ultimately ended up choosing the sibling who lives nearby, has children that are close with and close in age to our children, and even lives in the same school district as us, so that our children wouldn’t have to be uprooted from their school community.  That sibling doesn’t always make same the parenting choices I would, but ultimately, I know that my children would be taken care of, and would feel loved under their care as the guardian.

What I realized, was part of my delay was from not having what in my mind was the “perfect” choice for a guardian.  Because again, how can anyone replace me, as mom?  All the uncertainty of the current pandemic definitely gave me the urge to make a decision and get things in order.  You never know what is going to happen and having a plan in place will make things easier on everyone.  And although this kind of decision definitely warrants taking time to think about, it probably shouldn’t take 10 years like it took me!  Luckily, nothing happened to us during that time, but you never know and at some point you just need to make a decision.  Documents can always be redrafted at a later time if after further thought you change your mind.

-Lisa Villareal

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Grandparent Rights

When clients call with family law issues, I am quick to defer to and refer to a few fellow attorneys I trust and who know family law infinitely better than I ever will.  However, one area, I think is important to touch on with regards to estate planning are grandparent rights.  Now I try to help my clients plan with ways to encourage visitation when I/we foresee a problem.  However, to give you a more educated view on those rights, George Halenkamp of Halenkamp Law was nice enough to put some thoughts together.

One unforeseen circumstance that can dramatically effect estate planning for grandparents is when a child goes through a divorce or has died. Goals can quickly change when this scenario occurs, especially when it comes to visitation with their grandchildren. It seems unfortunate that grandparents would have to go to court just to see their grandchildren, but sometimes grandparents are forced to consider their options.

Under Mo. Rev. Stat. §452.402 (RSMo Supp., 2011), the court may grant grandparent reasonable visitation with their grandchild under the following circumstances:

  1. When the parents of a child are filing for divorce, grandparents are able to file a Motion to Intervene to request a reasonable period of visitation from the Court or file to modify an existing order;
  2. When the parent of a child is deceased, and the surviving parent denies the decedent’s parent reasonable visitation with the child; or
  3. If the child resided with the grandparent for a minimum of six months within the two years from the filing of the petition, and if the grandparent has been denied visitation with the child for at least 90 days.

A common assumption has existed over time that grandparents have little to no chance of being awarded visitation with their grandchildren. This assumption is not necessarily true. It is presumed that parents living together know what is in their child’s best interests, but this is a “rebuttable presumption,” meaning that the burden of proof is on the grandparents to prove that granting them visitation is in the child’s best interest.

How do grandparents show that reasonable visitation it is in the child’s best interests? The answer is complex and fact specific. However, generally speaking, Missouri statutes allow the court to appoint guardian ad litem, order a home study or consult with the child in order to determine the child’s best interests. The court may consider several factors in determining the best interest of the child. Additionally, the court may conduct a further analysis to make this decision, including talking to the child about his or her own wishes.

In many cases, grandparents are a valuable part of a child’s life. While the parents of the child do generally have primary rights to the child, grandparents are place into a difficult situation if an unexpected divorce or death happens. Grandparents do have legal options to consider in certain circumstances. It is always preferable for the relationship to stay outside of the court room. However, grandparents sometimes may not have any other choice but to involve the courts.

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Different Probate Options

When I work with clients, my goal is often very simple: Avoiding probate. However, I believe it’s also important to have a backup plan that includes providing for probate in the most efficient way possible. In order to do this, having an understanding of the different probate cases is important.

For adults unable to make their own decisions or for minors, the court may appoint someone to be in charge of their money through a conservatorship. The court may also appoint someone to be in charge of their physical well-being through a guardianship. These proceedings are only avoidable if an adult had the mental capacity and executed a power of attorney in advance. For minors or adults with special needs, a conservatorship or guardianship will be required. For these situations, a will is the only place to legally designate a future guardian and conservator.

On the other side of probate is when a person passes with assets left in their name alone and without beneficiaries. In these situations, there are a few different proceedings in Missouri.

After a year has passed since a person’s death, the heirs may also file a determination of heirship. Another simplified proceeding, this simply produces a court order effectively giving title to the legal heirs. Because fewer documents are required than other proceedings, this can give access quicker and generally less expensively. Unfortunately, the major downside to this probate process is the assets are given to the legal heirs under intestate law which may not have been the intention. In addition, the court requires a list of all assets going through the determination of heirship and would not give access to unknown assets.

Another option is the small estate affidavit. For estates under $40,000.00, this includes subtracting debt, the court may issue a certificate based on this affidavit. This allows the person signing the small estate to collect the listed assets. While this is a simplified option giving access to assets often within a few months, you must know and have statements for the assets. Because there are normally fewer documents require, it again is often also much less expensive than other probate proceedings. In addition, some counties will allow an individual to file these affidavits without an attorney. Unfortunately, St. Louis County does require an attorney.

Finally, the last option is a full probate proceeding. If a company says you need “Letters” this is what they are referring to.   The proceeding begins by issuing the Personal Representative (or Executor) Letters of Administration or Letters of Testamentary. These Letters allow the Personal Representative to call companies to gather information and assets for the heirs or devisees of a will. Generally, these proceedings will take a minimum of 7 months and can take years. It also gives an open court case for creditors. It is most likely to be the most expensive, but if the assets exceed $40,000, it has been less than a year since the death, or there are unknown assets, this is the only option.

So, how does this effect an estate plan? For small estate affidavits and a full probate proceedings wills can be admitted. However, a will can actually (nominally) increase the court fees. But a will can also waive bond (another expense) which may not always be done otherwise.   If a specific person should be appointed Personal Representative or intestate law is not the desired outcome, a will is always going to be necessary. But knowing the different methods of probate and potential fees should also help decide a backup to the main estate plan.

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Ensure Your Estate Plan Avoids The Headache of Probate

Every year attorneys have the pleasure to updating their knowledge through continuing education. So this week it was my pleasure to sit through two days of extreme detail about probate court. I’m certain you are not reading this because you want to learn all about probate. However, what I want to communicate is that there was two days of material for an attorney (and there could have been more) demonstrating how complicated probate can be.

Even when it is not complicated, it is an administrative headache. An attorney is often required which is frequently the major expense of probate. But the expense is not the only problem. Probate also has many time constraints. Publication and notices are required unless the estate is under $15,000. Which introduces at least one month, if not over six months, of waiting. Opening a probate estate also creates an easy place for challenges and creditors. All great reasons to avoid probate.

Procedures and laws surrounding probate also affect how you plan to avoid probate. One of the laws mishandled frequently is that a spouse is entitled to at least 1/3 of the assets. This is extremely important in blended families when the spouses do not intend to leave all the assets to the spouse. In order to effectively do this a prenuptial or postnuptial agreement is necessary.

The other important provision regarding probate is that minors may not receive more than $15,000 without involving the probate court. Essentially, this means a trust is required to avoid probate when leaving money to minors.

If this sounds like something you want to avoid, then learn more about avoiding probate here.

Burkhardt Law Firm

Phone: (314) 518-1581
Email: mburkhardt@burkhardtlaw.com
Address:
2333 Grissom Dr., Suite 107
St. Louis, MO 63146